Vitamin B12 commonly used specifications are Cyanocobalamin, Methylcobalamin, Cobamamide((Adenosylcobalamin) and Hydroxocobalamin (Hydroxocobalamin HCL and Hydroxocobalamin Acetate) in foods, nutrients, and feed.

Cyanocobalamin is usually prescribed after surgical removal of part or all of the stomach or intestine to ensure adequate serum levels of vitamin B12.It is also used to treat pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency (due to low intake from food or inability to absorb due to genetic or other factors), thyrotoxicosis...

Vitamin K2 is the only bioactive form of vitamin K, which is mostly used to accelerate coagulation, maintain coagulation time, and treat effluent disease caused by vitamin K deficiency. There have also been reported for other health pathways.

There are two main processes used to produce vitamin K2: organic synthesis and fermentation. Although the organic synthesis method has been in commercial use for several years, manufacturing has historically centred on the more traditional fermentation-derived process, but the bioequivalence of MK-7 produced by both methods.