Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is the only water - soluble vitamin with a metal element in its molecular structure.Vitamin B12 can be divided into active and inactive types, with cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin belonging to the inactive components, while adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin are the active components,the human body can only utilize these two forms of Vitamin B12.
It is a red crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless, soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in acetone, chloroform, and ether. It is most stable in a weakly acidic condition with a pH value of 4.5 - 5.0, and decomposes in strong acid (pH < 2) or alkaline solutions. It can be damaged to a certain extent by heat.
It is mainly found in animal - based foods such as meat, liver, kidneys, fish, eggs, milk, and dairy products. Some fermented soy products also contain a small amount of it. Additionally, it can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria, but the amount is limited. Vegetarians and vegans are more likely to have a deficiency as they consume fewer animal - based products.
MAIN FUNCTIONS
Hematopoietic Function: It participates in the production of bone marrow red blood cells, promotes the development and maturation of red blood cells, and maintains the normal state of the body's hematopoietic function, preventing megaloblastic anemia.
Nervous System Protection: It is essential for the normal metabolism and function of nerve myelin sheaths. It helps maintain the integrity of nerve cells, participates in the formation of a lipoprotein in nerve tissue, and is crucial for nerve impulse transmission. A deficiency can lead to nerve damage, peripheral neuritis, and even severe mental symptoms.
Metabolic Regulation: As a coenzyme, it increases the utilization rate of folic acid and promotes the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It also plays a role in the metabolism of fatty acids, enabling the body to properly utilize these nutrients. In addition, it participates in the synthesis of DNA, which is essential for cell division and growth.
DOSAGE
Recommended Dietary Allowance: For adults over 14 years old, the recommended daily intake is 2.4 micrograms (mcg). Pregnant women have a slightly higher requirement, with an RDA of 2.6 mcg, and breastfeeding women need 2.8 mcg.
Supplementation for Special Populations: Elderly people, those with gastrointestinal disorders, vegetarians, vegans, and individuals taking certain medications that affect absorption are at a higher risk of deficiency and may require supplementation. The dosage for supplementation can vary from 500 - 1000 mcg per day, depending on the specific situation. For example, a 2013 study in 100 older adults found that supplementing with 500 mcg of vitamin B12 for 8 weeks normalized B12 levels in 90% of participants, and higher doses of up to 1000 mcg may be necessary for some.
COMMON SPECIFICATIONS
Pharmaceutical Preparations: Include tablets, injections, and oral solutions. Tablet specifications are commonly 25 mcg and 50 mcg. Injection specifications usually come in 0.05 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1 mg per ampoule.
Health Supplements: Available in various forms such as tablets, capsules, and sublingual tablets. The content per dose can range from 500 mcg to 1000 mcg or more.
Adenosylcobalamin 98.5~102.0%
Methylcobalamin 98.5~101.0%
Methylcobalamin (Carrier Mannitol) 0.1%
Methylcobalamin (Carrier Mannitol) 1%
Cyanocobalamin 97.0-102.0%
Cyanocobalamin (Carrier Mannitol) 0.1%
Cyanocobalamin (Carrier Mannitol) 1%
Hydroxocobalamin Chloride 96.0~102.0%
Hydroxocobalamin Acetate 96.0~102.0%
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